A French bishop, who resided in Jerusalem in 670 or 697. He wrote the most important description of the city walls of Jerusalem during the Early Islamic period. His writings were handed down to us by the Abbot of the Iona monastery in Scotland, Adomnan, who wrote a book on the holy places during the ninth century CE. According to Arculf, the city was surrounded by a wall with 84 towers and six gates: The Gate of David, the Gate of the Fuller�s House, the Gate of St. Stephen, the Gate of Benjamin, a postern leading to the Valley of Jehoshaphat and the Gate of Teqo`a.